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主謂一致的用法

時間: 若木631 分享

  在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

  一、就近一致原則

  在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

  1. 當兩個主語由either …… or, neither …… nor, whether …… or ……, not only …… but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

  2. there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

  注意:Here引導的句子用法同上。

  二、語法一致原則

  語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。

  1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

  注意:由what引導的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

  2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

  注意:(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

  3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數,謂語用復數形式。如:Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

  4. either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

  注意:(1)在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數名詞(或代詞)”作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它后面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

  5. 在定語從句時,關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

  6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

  注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

  7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

  注意:a number of“許多”,作定語修飾復數名詞,謂語用復數;the number of“……的數量”,主語是number,謂語用單數。

  8. 在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

  三、邏輯意義一致原則

  邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為復數;有時形式為復數,但意義為單數)。

  1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數,主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

  2. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式,這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

  3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如:“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

  4. 表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用復數。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

  5. 算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

  6. 一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study.

  7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

  8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數。

主謂一致的用法

在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 一、就近一致原則 在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的
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