托福閱讀快速提分的方法
為了幫助大家高效備考托福，學習啦為大家帶來托福閱讀快速提分的方法，希望對大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩盡請關注學習啦!
托福閱讀快速提分的方法
詞匯量
詞匯量是最基本也是最顯而易見的一個因素。設想一下，如果一些基本的或是常用的單詞都不認識，談何理解文本，提高閱讀速度呢?
托福閱讀的詞匯要求還是比較高的，因為它的單詞涉及到具體的學科知識，如天文、生物等等。這些單詞在高中或是大學學習中都不太會接觸到，需要我們額外積累。所以提高托福閱讀速度的第一個關鍵就是詞匯的積累。
我們可以利用詞匯書，或單詞記憶軟件來記憶托福單詞。也可以整理和記憶已經做過的閱讀文本當中的生詞。第二種方法的好處是，我們能夠通過文本來判斷哪些單詞是高頻詞，需要我們重點記憶。而且有了具體的語境，在記憶單詞時也相對容易一些。
句子結構
第二個因素是句子結構。托福閱讀當中有不少的長難句，它們的句子成分繁多，結構復雜，理解起來也比較困難?！澳阏J識句子里的每一個單詞，卻看不懂這個句子是什么意思”。這是對理解長難句的生動寫照。
很多時候，我們讀不懂句子，或一個句子看三四遍才能勉強理解句意，是因為沒有理清句子的結構。比如TPO44 Seagrases中的一個句子：
“Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to have many of the lighter particles, including seagrass debris, moved out, whereas beds in weak current areas accumulate lighter detrital material.”
一些同學在理解這個句子的前半部分時出現了問題，他們只關注到“have many of the lighter particles” 所以將句意理解成為“在強水流影響下的海草床會有很多輕的碎屑物”。但實際上前半部分完整的結構應該是“have many of the lighter particles…moved out” 意思是“將較輕的碎屑物移出去了”。這與部分同學的理解完全相反。
因此要提升閱讀速度，我們要能夠迅速而準確地理清長難句的結構。首先要判斷一個句子是簡單句還是非簡單句，他的主謂賓是什么，修飾成分有哪些，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么東西。這些內容是托福閱讀預備班前幾節課的重點。當然，只是知道這些理論遠遠不夠，還需要我們在平時的學習中多多練習，逐步提升自己理解長難句的能力。
知識背景
第三個因素是背景知識。在講第一點的時候已經提到了，托福閱讀的話題涉及到具體的學科知識。當然，這些背景知識并不會非常專業，讓我們理解不了。
由于每個人的知識結構和知識儲備不同，在做相同的題目時也會有不同的感覺。比如：對生物比較感興趣的同學會覺得理解白蟻巢穴的結構比較簡單，而擅長歷史的文科生很容易就能把握雅典城邦的相關內容。因此，在備考的過程中，我們要注意積累自己不太熟悉的背景知識，至少要了解TPO當中出現過的一些背景知識，這樣才能在做題時較快地把握文章內容，提升閱讀的速度。
托福閱讀背景知識之民族文學類
民族文學的誕生
獨立革命是美國民族文學誕生的背景。早在戰爭爆發之前，美國殖民地人民在歐洲啟蒙主義學說影響之下，已經具有民族獨立的意識。富蘭克林世俗的格言比愛德華茲清教，主義的教誨更能吸引廣大群眾。富蘭克林用清晰、幽默的文體傳播了科學文化，激發自力更生的精神，他的愛國熱情和關于自學、創業的言論，對于美國人民的人生觀、事業觀和道德觀產生了深遠的影響。獨立革命期間充滿反抗與妥協之間的尖銳斗爭，迫使作家們采取政論、演講、散文等簡便而又犀利的形式投入戰斗。發表“不自由毋寧死”這一名言的演說家舶特里克·亨利，象戰鼓那樣鼓動戰士奮勇殺敵的托馬斯·潘恩，行文樸質無華卻字字擊中要害的托馬斯·杰斐遜，都是無畏的戰士，他們為了戰斗的需要錘煉自己的語言藝術。那個時期的詩歌也具有強烈的政治性，大量的革命歌謠出自民間。菲利普·弗瑞諾是當時著名的革命詩人，他的創作開創了美國詩歌的優秀傳統。
托福閱讀背景知識：近半數英國女性后悔念大學
Vicky Tuck： 'I believe women should only go to university if they have a genuine interest in learning'.
Young women are losing faith in the university system with nearly half believing it is not worth getting a degree.
Tuition fees and little chance of landinga good job make higher education an unattractive prospect for them， a study suggests.
It found that nearly half of female graduates would not go to university if they had the chance again.
The research will cause concern because it was carried out before the Government announced that fees will almost treble to ā9，000 in 2012.
The findings have prompted warnings that a generation of ambitious young women will miss out on a high-flyingcareer and the opportunity to continue their education.
Louise Court， editor of Cosmopolitan magazine， which conducted the survey， said young women seem to think university ‘a waste of time’.
‘It’s never been harder to be a young woman with ambition，’ she said. ‘Understandably， women are angry and frustrated about their future and this is having a damaging affect on their self-esteem.
The survey of 1，353 women also looked at the career prospects and financial outlook for women in 2011.
Two thirds of those questioned said they thought it would be ‘almost impossible’ to get their dream job and a quarter were unable to follow their preferred career.
Only 14 per cent said they felt safe from the sack.
And the financial situation for graduates was especially bad， with half saying they had so much student debt they could not save.
The same proportion believed they faced worse financial hardship than their parents.
One in seven women said they had been forced to postpone getting married because a wedding would be too expensive.
And more than one in six admitted that financial constraints had made them postpone trying to start a family.
Vicky Tuck， a campaigner for women’s education and former head of Cheltenham Ladies College， said： ‘The rise in fees is going to make a lot of people reflect on why they are going to university.
‘Before the introduction of fees it was not an automatic assumption that a degree would lead to a good job. It is only recently that we have seen that relationship.
‘I believe that women should only go to university if they have a genuine interest in learning， a precious opportunity. If they go purely to get a job， many will be disappointed.’
托福閱讀背景知識：愛逛街的男人更長壽
It may come as old news to many women， but it seems a bit of retail therapy really is good for you.
A day at the shops can help you live longer， says a study.
And surprisingly， the benefits are actually greater for men.
The study even suggests the long-term survival benefits of shopping are better than going to the gym.
Seeing friends and just people-watching can stave off loneliness and improve psychological health， suggests research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
It looked at almost 1，850 people aged 65 and over living independently at home in Taiwan， who were asked how often they went shopping.
The researchers then tracked how long each of the participants lived by linking individuals to national death registration data between 1999 and 2008.
They found those who shopped daily lived longer than those who shopped less frequently， even after taking account of people’s physical or other health problems.
Going to the shops every day cut the chances of a participant dying during the period of the study by more than a quarter compared with those who don’t shop regularly.
Older men who frequently popped out to the shops had the best survival record， with a reduction of 28 per cent in their chances of dying， while older women saw slightly less benefit with a 23 per cent cut in dying.
Researchers led by Dr Yu-Hung Chang at the National Health Research Institutes， in Zhunan， Taiwan， accept that those who shopped regularly may have been in better health to begin with.
They said： 'An elder who shops less for food would be at risk of poorer diet quality necessary to maintain health. A vicious cycle that involves limited shopping and poor diet could evolve for elders.'
But the study added： ‘In shopping venues， socialising with， or watching others can provide social and mental benefits.
‘Compared with other types of leisure-time physical activity， like formal exercise， which usually requires motivation and sometimes professional instruction， shopping is easier to undertake and maintain.’
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