關于英語語法中使役動詞的用法詳細分析
關于英語語法中使役動詞的用法詳細分析
使役動詞在英語語法中是屬于一個比較難的知識點，但如果你能夠在英語寫作中用上它的話，會讓你的作文增分不少，今天就讓我們來好好學習一下吧。
使役意義狀態動詞get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于復合結構中)
1. get：使成為/變得某種狀態或結果。
I can’t get the old radio to work.
我無法讓那舊收音機工作起來。(接帶to不定式作賓補)
Can you really get that old car going again?
你真能讓那舊車運轉起來嗎?
The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.
那農民在雨季前完成了種植。
He got his wrist broken.
他折斷了手腕。(主語發生了不幸的事)
She soon got the children ready for school.
她迅速使孩子們做好了上學準備。
2. leave：使保持/處于某種狀態
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.
把帽子和外套放在大廳里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?
你把門窗緊緊鎖上了嗎?
Always leave things where you can find them again.
總應把東西放在能再次找到的地方。
Who left that window open?
誰讓窗戶開著?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.
別讓他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.
不要干涉某人或某事。
3. set：使某人或某物處于或達到某種特殊的狀態或關系
set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒適/心情放松
set something in order 使某物井然有序
set somebody free / at liberty 使某人獲得自由,釋放(犯人等)
It’s time we set the machine going. 是我們發動機器的時候了。
The news set me thinking. 這消息使我陷入了沉思。
He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他讓農場工人去砍伐木材。
I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我決心于五月底前完成膜作。
set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令賊捉賊
4. send：使某人或某物急劇地移動
The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground.
地震將杯盤刀叉震落在地上。
Mind how you go----you nearly sent me flying. 小心點,你差點將我撞飛了.
Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滾蛋.
The good harvest sent the prices down. 豐收使物價下跌.
5. drive：使某人處于某狀態，迫使某人做某事
Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失敗使他絕望。
You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你會把我氣瘋的。/ 你會使我窮盡應付的。
Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他為饑餓所迫而偷竊。
6. keep：使某人或某物保持某種狀態
You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子們靜下來。
The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天氣使我們待在家里。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷，把它們放在口袋里。
Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他們會監禁/拘留我嗎?
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很報歉讓你久等了。
The doctors managed to keep me going. 醫生們設法讓我活下去。
使役意義動態動詞
1. cause 致使，導致(能接直接賓語,雙賓語,復合賓語)
What caused his death? 什么導致了他的死亡?
This has caused us much anxiety. 這給我們帶來了極大的憂慮。
What caused the plants to die.(=what made them die.)什么使得這些植物枯死。
He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he had them put to death.)他使得這些犯人被處死。
2. force 迫使，強迫 (賓語后常接介詞短語、副詞及不定式等)
force one’s way through a crowd 從人群中擠出一條路來.
force a way in / out / through 沖入/出/過
force an entry into a building 強行進入一建筑
force the war upon him 強迫某人作戰
force someone into doing something 強迫某人做某事
force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作
“半使役動詞”amaze, astonish等
1. 常見的半使役動詞
amaze(使某人感到驚呀), astonish(使某人感到驚奇),
bore(使某人感到厭倦), complicate(使某人感到復雜),
confuse(使某人感到迷惑), disappoint (使某人感到失望),
delight(使某人感到高興), discourage(使某人感到氣餒),
distinguish(使某人感到顯著), excite (使某人感到興奮),
encourage(使某人感到鼓舞), exhaust (使某人感到疲倦),
frighten(使某人感到恐懼), interest (使某人感到有趣),
inspire(使某人感到刺激), move(使某人感到激動),
please(使某人感到高興), puzzle(使某人感到不解),
satisfy(使某人感到滿意), surprise(使某人感到驚異),
shock(使某人感到震驚), strike (使某人感到震動),
tire(使某人感到疲憊), upset (使某人感到迷惑不解),等等。
2. 半使役動詞的主動式用法：something + vt. + somebody
The exam result satisfied his parents.
考試結果令他的父母很滿意。
The boy’s behavior upset everybody around.
這個男孩的行為使周圍的每個人都很沮喪。
3. 半使役動詞有兩個或三個派生形容詞,一個加-ing,一個加-ed,有時還有一個加其他后綴構成。
如：interest----interesting, interested;
astonish----astonishing, astonished;
please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant;
satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.
4. 半使役動詞的v-ing和v-ed兩個分詞形容詞的用法也有規律，一般而言，作定語時，v-ing分詞形容詞修飾事物，v-ed分詞形容詞修飾人或者人的心理活動、表情等;作表語或賓語補足語時，v-ing分詞形容詞指事，v-ed分詞形容詞指人或擬人用法，而且作表語的v-ed分詞后接事時常有一個介詞，如：
The film we saw last night was very interesting.
我們昨天晚上看的電影非常有趣。
We were all interested in the film.
我們都對這部電影感興趣。
The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.
令人恐懼的颶風使這個女孩感到害怕。
The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.
這位老師對他學生們的回答感到滿意。
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