寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫
寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫
銜接是實現語句、語篇連貫的重要手段。語句或篇章如果缺乏必要的銜接，彼此之間就沒有內在的有機聯系和符合邏輯的發展關系，行文也會雜亂無序，脈絡不清。連貫則是將語言內容有機地結合起來，使之符合邏輯，從而達到語言的規范性和準確性。銜接與連貫是語句、語篇的重要組成部分。下面是小編為您收集整理的寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫，供大家參考!
寫作中要做好語句銜接與連貫
銜接(cohesion)可分為語法銜接和詞匯銜接，語法銜接通過語法手段得以實現，包括照應(reference),替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)，而詞匯銜接則通過重復(repetition)、同義詞(synonym)、反義詞(antonym)、上下義關系(hyponymy)等復現(reiteration)手段的使用來完成。
連貫(coherence)是指句子內部、句子和句子之間、段落內部、段落與段落之間是否有連接成分或銜接詞來說明彼此間的邏輯關系。行文中如果缺乏必要的連接成分，僅僅用標點符號連接的寫作手法在漢語中尚屬可行。可在英語中，這種僅用標點符號的連接方式會使所表達的內容含義模糊.如“我很累，一步也走不動了”一句，如果在英文中寫成下面兩種形式都是錯誤的:1)"I was very tired, couldn't move a step"; 2)"I was so tired that couldn't move astep.”第一句應該改成 I was very tired and couldn't move a step;第二句則應該在that后面重復主語“I"，才能使句子意思清晰明確。但在漢語中卻是可行的，這就是英語與漢語之間的差別，學習寫作時應引起足夠重視。
什么是主題句?有什么特點?
主題句是表示全段中心思想的句子，是段落展開的基礎，它表明作者的態度、觀點、目的等.主題句一般簡明扼要，具有概括、抽象的特點。主題句是對文章段落意義的表述，文章中其他句子都受主題句的制約。換言之.文章段落的其他句子是對主題思想加以闡述、說明或論證，是語義層層擴展、步步深人的核心。由于主題句的概括、抽象等特點，也稱其為概述句。寫作時，不可將某個細節或具體事實當做主題句來寫。請看下段:
Machine scored test is called "objective" type. In an objective test, the students answerquestions by deciding on the best choice among a number of alternatives given. Another one isthe "completion" type. This kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phraseto a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, in which the students are asked towrite a composition on a given topic.
這是一段沒有主題句的段落，因為段中任何一句都不能概括全段內容，各句各自為政，均只是分別說明三種考試的特點。試比較下面經過修改的段落:
There are three kinds of examinations. One is the machine scored "objective" type. In anobjective test, the students answer questions by deciding on the best choice among a numberof alternatives given. Another is the "completion" type. This kind of examination requires thestudents to add a word or phrase to a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, inwhich the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic. All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.
通過與范例1進行比較，我們可以看到，處于段首的"Examinations are of three kinds"顯然是該段的主題句，因為這一句不僅具有概括全段的特點，而且全段的其他文字都是圍繞著三種考試形式展開的。該段添加.七主題句后，使得段落的發展有了中心，讀者讀起來主題明確，論據充分。同時，為了進一步體現段落的完整性，實現首尾相呼應，該段在段末添加上了結論句"All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned inany particular course"，以達到對主題的進一步強調和突出.